|
Source Author |
Available (TW) |
Recoverable (TW) |
|
Solar
Boeker: Halfmeister: Boyle Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
2030 (PV only) 80000 90000 89000 |
1000 |
|
Biomass Boeker Halfmeister:
Boyle: Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
85 1.6 30 30 30 |
1.5 15 |
|
Hydroelectric Boeker: Halfmeister: Boyle: Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
4.2 4.6 4.6 11.6 10-30 5.3 |
1.6 1.5-2 1.7 |
|
Tidal/Wave Boeker: Halfmeister: Boyle: Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
4/2 1/2 3 3/1-10 3/200 |
0.1/ 0.1/0.5-1 |
|
Geothermal Boeker: Halfmeister: Boyle: Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
15.6 30 30 33 |
1 |
|
Wind Boeker: Halfmeister: Boyle: Mason: Smil: Smith: Sorensen: Tester: |
4.2 1000 6 300 300-1200 100 |
10 |
Current world annual
consumption: 13TW
Definition of Biomass:
·
Energy crops
(yield tonne per ha per yr)
o
Sugar cane (35)
o
Bagasse (10)
o
Maize, rice,
wheat, sorghum (15)
o
Wood, temperate
(10)
o
Wood, tropics (20)
·
Waste
o
Wood residue
(sawdust)
o
Crop waste (straw)
o
Animal manure
o
Sewage sludge
o
Municipal solid
waste
o
Landfill gas
o
Industrial
(furniture comp. hospital etc.)
Fuels from biomass (processes)
·
Anaerobic
digestion (biological)
o
Conventional
fermentation (ethanol from starch)
o
Cellulosic fermentation (ethanol from cellulose)
·
Gasification
(chemical)
o
Fast pyrolysis (heating)
o
Solvolysis (solvents)
o
Catalytic
(Fischer-Tropsch)
·
Recycling/transesterification (cooking oils, plant oils)
o
biodiesel